Enhanced hydrogen storage performance of three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene with nickel nanoparticles

Three-dimensional hierarchical porous graphene with nickel nanoparticles (3DHPG-Ni) was synthesized through electrostatic assembly method with the assistance of poly (methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) template and subsequent removal of PMMA template by calcination. The morphology, microstructure and hydrogen adsorption properties of 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposites were examined in detail. The obtained 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite exhibited hierarchical porous structure composed of macro-, meso- and micropores, high specific surface area (925 m² g^?1), large pore volume (0.58 cm³ g^?1) and excellent hydrogen storage capacity. Under the pressure of 5 bar, 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite showed a maximum hydrogen capacity of 4.22 wt% and 1.95 wt% at 77 K and 298 K, respectively, demonstrating that the as-prepared 3DHPG-Ni nanocomposite was supposed to be a promising material with outstanding properties for practical applications in the field of hydrogen storage. The three-dimensional hierarchical porous structure, evenly distributed Ni nanoparticles and hydrogen spillover effect were responsible for the enhanced hydrogen storage capacities.     

柔性化夹具静动态特性分析及拓扑优化

针对汽车发动机缸盖、变速箱阀体全自动化混合生产线,设计柔性化夹具来满足CNC高精密加工以及快速换产的要求。建立夹具系统三维模型,并利用ANSYS对夹具系统在不同加工工况载荷下进行静态性能分析;从分析结果判断出影响夹具性能的关键结构,并对其进行拓扑优化设计,实现夹具整体减重39.25 kg。然后对改进后夹具模型进行验证分析,发现最大变形量减少为0.0045199 mm,满足设计指标0.005 mm;最后,对现有夹具系统进行模态实验和CAE模态分析,发现夹具系统在Z向受到低频激振力时,容易发生共振,该频段为70 Hz?110 Hz,在加工过程中需要控制刀具加工频率避免发生共振。     

通过晶种胶作导向剂的凝胶预陈化路线合成多级孔道FAU/α-Al2O3整体材料

以整体型α-Al2O3为载体，晶种胶作导向剂，通过凝胶预陈化路线合成了多级孔道FAU整体材料。对合成的样品进行了FT-IR、XRD、SEM和N2吸附脱附表征。根据实验结果确定了晶种胶、凝胶预处理及预陈化步骤的作用，同时提出了不同路线生成氧化铝复合物可能的合成机理。结果发现：负载的FAU沸石的粒径、形状及数量可通过改变晶化凝胶的组成，并且α-Al2O3载体的结构没有明显改变。具有简单、可重现且易将三重孔道结构融于成型的整体材料中的特点，通过晶种胶预处理的凝胶预陈化路线可加强载体内表面与沸石间的界面作用，形成纯相FAU晶体沉积在α-Al2O3载体骨架表面的形貌。另外，该方法可为其他的多级孔道沸石的合成提供思路。                                  

Self-assembly of ultralight and compressible inorganic sponges with hierarchical porosity by electrospinning

The construction of three dimensional macroporous architectures holds exciting implications for applications such as catalysis, sensing, tissue engineering and thermal insulation. Here, we report a general self-assembly process for inorganic sponges with hierarchical porosity of intrafibre micro-/meso-/macropores and interfibre macropores. The as-fabricated SiO₂-TiO₂ sponge possesses a high porosity of >99.86%, ultralow bulk density of 2.9 mg cm⁻³ and enhanced compressibility (recovery from 50% compression). The self-assembly mechanism of the SiO₂-TiO₂ sponge has been investigated in detail. The results confirmed that the hydrolysis and polycondensation of mixed inorganic alkoxides could affect the solidification process and the charge transpote during electrospinning, and plays an essential role on the hierarchical porosity and the self-assembly of the sponge macro-structure. The concerted effects of the solidification and electrostatic repulsion between fibres are responsible for the self-assembly process of the electrospun PVP-SiO₂-TiO₂ sponge. When used as a thermal insulation material, the SiO₂-TiO₂ sponge shows good fireproof performances. The current contribution may guide more construction of functional inorganic macroporous architectures for advance applications in future.     

Microstructure,magnetic and optical properties of Nb3+ and Y3+ ions co-substituted Sr hexaferrites

Series of SrNb_xY_xFe_12-2xO₁₉ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) hexaferrites (HFs) were fabricated via citrate sol-gel approach. Structural and magneto-optical properties of ensembles were investigated in detail. The structural and morphological analyses revealed the formation of M-type Sr hexaferrite nanoparticles. Diffuse reflectance data were registered to estimate the direct optical energy band gaps (E_g) in a range of 1.77 eV-1.87 eV. Room temperature (RT, 300 K) and low temperature (10 K) magnetic hysteresis curves were recorded by enforcing applied dc magnetic field up to ±70 kOe. Magnetic parameters were significantly tuned due to coordination of Nb³⁺ and Y³⁺ rare earth ions. Specified magnetic data reveal the strong ferromagnetic characteristics of pristine SrFe₁₂O₁₉ and co-doped HFs with Nb³⁺ and Y³⁺ ions at both temperatures. RT squareness ratio (SQR) has an exception only for pristine sample as 0.506, which is in the margin of theoretical limit assigning the single-domain nature with uniaxial anisotropy. However, all co-doped samples have SQR = 0.288–0.485 values that are smaller than theoretical limit of 0.50, implying multi-domain nature at RT and at 10 K. Co-doped ions cause lowering in super-exchange interactions between different sites and resulting the decrements of intrinsic magneto-crystalline anisotropy and coercivity fields. The specified magnetic characteristics make our fabricated SrNb_xY_xFe_12-2xO₁₉ (0.00 ≤ x ≤ 0.05) HFs good candidates as permanent magnets applications and high-density recording media.     

Novel core-shell-like Ni-supported hierarchical beta zeolite catalysts on bioethanol steam reforming

Hierarchical-Beta zeolites have been hydrothermally synthesized by adding a new gemini organic surfactant. The used gemini surfactant play the role of a “pore-forming agents” on the mesoscale, on the same time, providing alkaline environment for the system. With this hierarchical Beta zeolite as the core support, we successfully prepared a shell layer of Ni-containing (22 wt%) petal-like core-shell-like catalyst and applied it to bioethanol steam reforming. At the reaction temperature of 350 °C–550 °C, the conversion rate of ethanol and the selectivity of hydrogen were always above 85% and 70%. After reaction of 100 h on stream at 400 °C, there were not obvious inactivation could be observed on NiNPs/OH-MBeta catalyst.     

Hierarchical multi-reservoir optimization modeling for real-world complexity with application to the Three Gorges system

High dimensionality in real-world multi-reservoir systems greatly hinders the application and popularity of evolutionary algorithms, especially for systems with heterogeneous units. An efficient hierarchical optimization framework is presented for search space reduction, determining the best water distributions, not only between cascade reservoirs, but also among different types of hydropower units. The framework is applied to the Three Gorges Project (TGP) system and the results demonstrate that the difficulties of multi-reservoir optimization caused by high dimensionality can be effectively solved by the proposed hierarchical method. For the day studied, power output could be increased by 6.79 GWh using an optimal decision with the same amount of water actually used; while the same amount of power could be generated with 2.59 × 10⁷ m³ less water compared to the historical policy. The methodology proposed is general in that it can be used for other reservoir systems and other types of heterogeneous unit generators.     

杭州文化创意产业区的空间发展格局及空间影响

在我国城市化发展转型的大环境下,随着城市新区的开发以及城市中心区传统产业的外迁和置换,文化创意产业区建设正日益受到城市决策者和研究者的关注。本文以杭州为例,在分析目前城市文化创意产业区建设现状的基础上,探讨了其在城市宏观层面的空间发展格局与发展的基本模式。     

Decomposition of first-order hybrid Petri nets for hierarchical control of manufacturing systems

Although hybrid Petri net (HPN) is a popular formalism in modelling hybrid production systems, the HPN model of large scale systems gets substantially complicated for analysis and control due to large dimensionality of such systems. To overcome this problem, a typical approach is to decompose the net into subnets and then control the plant through hierarchical or decentralized structures. Although this concept has been widely discussed in the literature for discrete PNs, there is a lack of research for HPNs. In this paper, a new method of decomposition of first-order hybrid Petri nets (FOHPNs) is proposed first and then the hierarchical control of the subnets through a coordinator is introduced. The advantage of using the proposed approach is validated by an existing example. A sugar milling case study is analysed by using a decomposed FOHPN model and the optimization results are compared against the results of the approaches presented in other papers. Simulation results show not only an improvement in production rate, but also show the ability to control the plant online. In addition, by using the hierarchical control structure for an FOHPN model, it is possible to reduce the cost of communication links, improve the reliability of the system, maintain the plant locally, and partially redesign the system.